Additive manufacturing has the advantage that little material is wasted during the process. 3D printers work on this principle.

Examples are:
      Fused filament fabrication (FFF)
      Stereolithography
      Laser sintering

Information on these can be found in the protyping section 

Subtractive manufacturing   is also known as a wasting process because unwanted material is removed.

Examples are:
      Milling
      Drilling
      Sawing
      Turning (on a lathe)
      Etching